I'm sure that you have heard people talking about good and bad cholesterol. However, the truth is that there is only one kind of cholesterol. What changes is which substance carries the cholesterol in the blood and if it gets deposited on the walls of the arteries or not.
Virtually all lipid molecules are insoluble in water and therefore can not freely circulate in the blood stream, but must be transported by other molecules, mainly proteins that are soluble to water. Cholesterol is incorporated into molecules called lipoproteins. Depending on their density, they are divided into chylomicrons, VLVL (very low density lipoprotein), IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein), LDL (low density lipoprotein) and HDL (high density lipoprotein).The role of these molecules is to carry the lipids from the intestine to the liver tissues, and vice versa. The most important molecules are the lipoproteins LDL and HDL.
LDL is responsible for transporting cholesterol away from the liver to the tissues, while HDL has the opposite function: to remove this substance from the tissues and bring it back to the liver. LDL is dangerous, because it promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. On the contrary, HDL tends to remove the plaque formation. The level of total cholesterol in the blood is the sum of LDL and HDL, and does not necessarily determine the cardiovascular risk, because what matters is the value of HDL compared to total values.
How to reduce LDL levels:
Cholesterol is manly produced by the body and only a small percentage comes from food. To eliminate it you need to act on the mechanism of its production. The synthesis of this substance is controlled by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which in turn is activated by insulin. Using natural substances capable of inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase, such as green tea can be very helpful. An alternative is the elimination of substances like coffee that can aggravate the problem.
As far as nutrition is concerned, the role of saturated fatty acids has been exaggerated. It is true that they increase LDL levels a little bit, but it is also true that by eliminating them from your diet you can also decrease the levels of HDL. In other words, saturated fats raise both the good and the bad cholesterol and therefore can be eaten in small quantities. Trans fats only raise LDL and can be dangerous for you for a variety of reasons. This means that if you want to stay healthy, you need to stay away from trans fatty acids, such as hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils, chips and crackers and junk food in general.
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